"If you think about mRNA vaccines, it's like an envelope with a message in it, and that message is going to tell the cell what kind of proteins to make."
"If you get the mRNA vaccine and then get actually infected, you get all the benefits of having seen the actual virus."
"The mRNA vaccine was computer designed and produced in record time."
"The Covid-19 pandemic provided this incredible proof of concept for messenger RNA."
"I believe that mRNA as a technology will be transformative for the biopharma space."
"The vaccines use mRNA to send instructions to the immune system for producing specific proteins to fight COVID-19 virus."
"mRNA vaccination stuff has way more potential than just the coronavirus."
"Poly-A enrichment allows us to pull out mRNA sequences from the total RNA population, enriching for the sequences we actually want to sequence in our project."
"Relieving repression: unlocking mRNA translation at the destination."
"Quality control pathways: safeguarding mRNA integrity."
"If you want to introduce a highly complex molecule into a person’s cells, a more efficient route than injecting them with that molecule might be to inject them with messenger RNA, or mRNA, which codes for that molecule."
"For this virus, the genome is the same as the mRNA. The genome comes in, it's translated immediately."
"Translation turns mRNA into protein, allowing cells to carry out important functions."
"MRNA is a new idea, it's an idea that was shrouded in some skepticism."
"I invented the mRNA technology that is used in these vaccines."
"Here is my lovely mRNA, which is the only type of RNA that contains genetic information that can be translated into meaningful proteins."
"The synthesis of messenger RNA is called transcription."
"Eukaryotic mRNAs are modified before they are translated; introns are removed and the remaining exons spliced together."
"In contrast to prokaryotic mRNA, eukaryotic mRNA usually specifies only a single protein."
"Trace amounts of COVID-19 vaccine messenger ribonucleic acid detected in expressed breast milk suggests that breastfeeding after COVID-19 vaccine is safe."
"...all viruses have to make mRNA that can be recognized by cellular ribosomes."
"Moderna to invest in mRNA research and development in the UK."
"mRNA is interesting for its ability to deliver transient genetic information which instructs the body to make its own medicine or vaccine."
"A single mRNA has the potential to give rise to multiple functional proteins."
"We want to get to mRNA to make viral proteins and we want to duplicate our genome so that we can get that packaged and sent off to start infecting new hosts."
"The start codon is important because it establishes the reading frame for the mRNA."
"The messenger RNA provides the instructions for making new viral proteins including structural proteins and the viral enzymes."
"The discovery of mRNA was done in the early '60s."
"The cationic lipid helps to encapsulate the mRNA."
"That's where this idea came from that there's a message RNA."
"All viruses need to make mRNA that can be read by host ribosomes because no virus encodes a ribosome."
"Eukaryotes mRNA is monocystronic; one mRNA molecule can only give you one protein."
"Once the gene has been transcribed, the single-stranded mRNA carries the directions on how to build a protein."
"Vaccines work great; mRNA vaccination allows further maturation of the bodies to be able to eventually target Omicron variants as well."
"One strand of mRNA is being threaded through multiple ribosomes at a time."
"It's like one decoder strand that goes through a bunch of decoding machines to make the same copy of the same protein."
"DNA makes a copy of RNA called messenger RNA in the nucleus of the cell, which then goes out of the nucleus into the endoplasmic reticulum and meets up with the ribosome."
"Translation is basically taking the blueprint which came from the DNA as messenger RNA and it's given to the factory which is a ribosome."
"Transcription is simply copying the DNA inside the nucleus and taking that information out in the form of messenger RNA into the cytoplasm."
"Translation is a little bit different; the mRNA carrying the information from the DNA goes out of the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm and it binds to a ribosome."
"The shine-dalgarno sequence helps to align the messenger RNA with the ribosome."
"The genetic code specifies the relationship between a three nucleotide sequence in the messenger RNA and the amino acid on the tRNA that pairs with it."
"The longer the poly A tail, the stabler the messenger RNA will be around."